SteveG


Voodoo Economics Revisited

I listen to what Simon Johnson’s has to say in his article Voodoo Economics Revisited, but I don’t necessarily swallow it hook, line, and sinker.

What we are seeing is agreement across the aisle on a very dangerous approach to public finance: a continuation and extension of what President George H.W. Bush memorably called “voodoo economics.” Its consequences are about to catch up with America, and the world.

The following paragraph hints at my qualms about Johnson:

The market is nervous — mostly about the prospect of large fiscal deficits as far as the eye can see. Some commentators dismiss this as irrational, but, again, that is wishful thinking. The path-breaking work over many years of Carmen Reinhart, my colleague at the Peterson Institute in Washington, makes this very clear — no country, including the US, escapes the deleterious consequences of persistent large fiscal deficits. (Indeed, her book with Ken Rogoff, This Time Is Different, should be required reading for US policymakers.)

I think Johnson is probably right about the long term consequences of “large fiscal deficits as far as the eye can see”.  I am less sure about his opinions of short term fiscal stimulus in the middle of a recession. Of course, given the fact that Reagan/Bush/Bush used deficits when they shouldn’t have, has left me wondering if their actions ruined the possibility of rescuing the economy with correctly timed stimulus now.  It’s a worry, but I don’t know what to do instead. I don’t know whether John Maynard Keynes talked about necessary fiscal stimulus applied after unnecessary stimulus has wrecked his weapon of choice just when it is truly needed. Perhaps Keynes should have pointed out that theoretically his policy prescriptions are the right ones, but politically and sociologically, they are impossible to carry out in a Democracy.

As a former chief economist of the IMF, I am unsure of how much credence to put in what Johnson says.  He certainly has plenty of experience with trying to rescue faltering economies.  However, much of the advice that the IMF has given over the years has had terrible consequences on the economies that have taken its advice.  I have always had doubts about Johnson’s association with The Peterson Institute in Washington, D.C. The benefactor of the institute has a somewhat one track mind in his thinking on economics and the research that he wants his institute to support.  That one track thinking is probably consistent with the advice issued by the IMF.

I had always hoped that Johnson was not a prisoner of these two institutions and that his presence at MIT had some significance.  Perhaps my hopes were like my hopes for Obama.  The good parts may be good, but I am relearning that the bad parts cannot be ignored.


The Symbolic Uses of Politics

In the article Arnold King reviews the book The Symbolic Uses of Politics.

King  says the following:

According to Edelman, here is how the insider-outsider interaction plays out (p. 23-28; as you read this, keep in mind something like Obamacare, Dodd-Frank, or the year-end tax bill):

as an introduction to the following quotes from the book:

Tangible resources and benefits are frequently not distributed to unorganized political group interests as promised in regulatory statutes and the propaganda attending their enactment…

and

The most intensive dissemination of symbols commonly attends the enactment of legislation which is most meaningless in its effects upon resource allocation. In the legislative history of particular regulatory statutes the provisions least significant for resource allocation are most widely publicized and the most significant provisions are least widely publicized…

Is it any wonder that some of us objected to the tax deal?  Is it any wonder why we are so frustrated by the acceptance of this outcome by so many people?

In the comments on the review, one person noted that the article Symbols and Political Quiescence by Murray Edelman published in 1960 in the American Political Science Review may be the basis for the part of the book reviewed by King.


Another Look At Richard Holbrooke

The article Speaking Ill of ‘the Best and the Brightest’ by Robert Scheer presents a different view of Holbrooke’s impact on the world scene.

One of “the best and the brightest” died last week, and in Richard Holbrooke we had a perfect example of the dark mischief to which David Halberstam referred when he authored that ironic label. Holbrooke’s life marks the propensity of our elite institutions to turn out alpha leaders with simplistic world-ordering ambitions unrestrained by moral conscience or intellectual humility.

On of the commenters on the article pointed to the YouTube video Pirates and Emperors – Schoolhouse Rock.


Bad Science: Quacks, Hacks, and Big Pharma Flacks

I have just read this fascinating book, Bad Science: Quacks, Hacks, and Big Pharma Flacks, by British Medical Doctor Ben Goldacre.  This book is chock full of examples of why Greenberg’s Law Of The Media is true.

I wrote the law based on my reading of the media and my 6-years of post high school mathematics training. I have never claimed that I was particularly good with the statistical end of mathematics, yet I could recognize a lot of the flaws in news stories. Because Ben Goldacre does seem to be a statistics expert, he is able to point out flaws in the media far beyond what I would have suspected.  His explanations will make it easy to recognize these errors when I see them in the future.

In addition, he points out that flawed interpretations of statistics and probabilities extend far beyond the media and have consequences far more severe than a misinformed public.

It is not only that people (big pharma flacks) lie with statistics, it is also that people just don’t understand how to apply statistics nor understand how to interpret them.  So, even with the best intentions in the world, if you don’t know what you are doing with statistics, what seem like perfectly reasonable conclusions to you are just not borne out by the numbers when they are understood correctly.

There are many experts who do understand all this and know how to figure out what is statistically  significant and what is not.  Their interpretations might surprise you, until the reasoning is explained.

In Chapter 11 titled Bad Data, Goldacre pulls together quite a few of ways that people get fooled.

He writes in a very entertaining way, and I can hardly do justice to his ideas here, but I will try to give you a hint at some of what you should know.

  1. Using relative risk instead of natural frequencies.

    Let’s say the risk of having a heart attack in your fifties is 50 percent higher if you have high cholesterol. That sounds pretty bad. Let`s say the extra risk of having a heart attack if you have high cholesterol is only 2 percent. That sounds OK to me. But they’re the same (hypothetical) figures. Let’s try this. Out of a hundred men in their fifties with normal cholesterol, four will be expected to have a heart attack, whereas out of a hundred men with high cholesterol, six will be expected to have a heart attack. That’s two extra heart attacks per hundred. Those are called natural frequencies.

  2. Choosing your figures

    He quotes from an article in the UK’s Independent explaining a change of heart in their policy on cannabis.

    In 1997, this newspaper launched a campaign to decriminalise the drug. If only we had known then what we can reveal today . . . Record numbers of teenagers are requiring drug treatment as a result of smoking skunk, the highly potent cannabis strain that is 25 times stronger than resin sold a decade ago.

    By the time he has finished, he shows that the number from the government report that the paper uses as its authority for the information says no such thing. He shows that you might conclude that the number is double, not 25 times higher. Even the doubling is a misinterpretation of the data.  More over, this scare about the multiplying strength had been used years before by Ronald Reagan. Had you multiplied together the increase noted by Reagan in the 80s with the increase mentioned by the paper in the 90s, It would require more THC to be present in the plant than the total volume of space taken up by the plant itself. It would require matter to be condensed into superdense quark-gluon plasma cannabis. For God’s sake don’t tell the newspapers such a thing is possible.

  3. Misunderstanding statistical significance

    For his example he uses

    …an article in The Times (London) in March 2006 headed: COCAINE FLOODS THE PLAYGROUND. Use of the addictive drug by children doubles in a year, said the subheading. Was this true?

    If you read the press release for the government survey on which the story is based, it reports almost no change in patterns of drug use, drinking or smoking since 2000.

    He goes through the process of explaining how you get from some initial numbers used by the newspaper to the quite correct analysis in the government report to show that there was really almost no change.

  4. Poorly chosen questions in a survey where the respondents choose whether or not to respond to the survey

    This one is so obvious, I’ll let you go to the book to read his instructive example.
  5. Misunderstanding the math of predicting very rare events

    The examples are very revealing, but too hard to summarize here. One of the example he uses shows the futility of a psychiatrist’s trying to predict which of the psychiatrist’s patients is likely to commit a murder.
  6. The prosecutor’s fallacy

    This is related to the above, but in this case the prosecutor uses statistics to show that an innocent explanation for the crime is unlikely without telling you that the criminal explanation is even more unlikely. He uses an actual case to demonstrate this problem.
  7. Using the occurrence of an unlikely event to prove that something weird has happened

    In the introduction to this discussion of an actual criminal case, he uses a quotation from renowned physicist Richard Feynman to start you thinking about the absurdity he is about to describe.

    You know, the most amazing thing happened to me tonight. I was coming here, on the way to the lecture, and I came in through the parking lot. And you won’t believe what happened. I saw a car with the license plate ARW 357. Can you imagine? Of all the millions of license plates in the state, what was the chance that I would see that particular one tonight? Amazing . . .

    If you don’t catch the absurdity of the point Feynman was making, then this comment by Goldacre, might help:

    There is also an important lesson here from which we could all benefit: unlikely things do happen. Somebody wins the lottery every week; children are struck by lightning. It’s only weird and startling when something very, very specific and unlikely happens if you have specifically predicted it beforehand.

    Later he explains what is wrong with the court case he uses as an example.

    First he makes an analogy about blindly firing thousands of bullets from a machine gun at a barn and then finding and circling three bullet holes close together to prove that you are an excellent shot. He ties the analogy to the prosecution he is describing

    You would, I think, disagree with both my methods and my conclusions for that deduction. But this is exactly what has happened in Lucia’s case: the prosecutors found seven deaths on one nurse’s shifts, in one hospital, in one city, in one country, in the world and then drew a target around them.

    He generalizes the problem with what the prosecutor did.

    This breaks a cardinal rule of any research involving statistics: you cannot find your hypothesis in your results. Before you go to your data with your statistical tool, you have to have a specific hypothesis to test. If your hypothesis comes from analyzing the data, then there is no sense in analyzing the same data again to confirm it.


Gains in Kandahar Came With More Brutal US Tactics

Gains in Kandahar Came With More Brutal US Tactics is a very disturbing article, if true. Unfortunately, these stories often do turn out to be true.

[Col. David] Flynn [the battalion commander of a unit of the 101st Airborne Division] told reporters of London’s Daily Mail he had issued an ultimatum to residents of Khosrow Sofia: provide full information on the location of IEDs the Taliban had planted there or face destruction of the village, according to the account published Oct. 26.
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The threat to destroy a village if its residents did not come forward with information would be a “collective penalty” against the civilian population, which is strictly forbidden by the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.
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The new level of brutality used in the Kandahar operation indicates that Petraeus has consciously jettisoned the central assumption of his counterinsurgency theory, which is that harsh military measures undermine the main objective of winning over the population.

But there are tell-tale signs that higher-level commanders in Kandahar know that those tactics will not defeat the Taliban either. Col. Flynn, the U.S. commander in a section of Arghandab, told the Daily Mail, “At the end of the day, you cannot kill your way to victory here. It will have to be a political solution.”

If we have to commit war crimes to win, should we give up or should we commit war crimes?  I shudder to think how the majority of U.S. citizens would respond to that question.

Let us remember that the U.S. public vehemently rejected the idea of collective guilt of the people killed in the World Trade Center on 9/11.  This was the “justification” used by the “terrorists” for their action. I doubt that many U.S. citizens would recognize the parallel when applied to the innocents in Afghanistan.

Has Barack Obama become the third in line of the Bush Dynasty? Does he have any principles left?


Intelligence Reports Offer Dim View of Afghan War

Contrary to the usual pro-war propaganda published by The New York Times, they published the article Intelligence Reports Offer Dim View of Afghan War.

These few quotes don’t do the article complete justice, but they give you a hint at what you will see if you read the whole article.

The reports, one on Afghanistan and one on Pakistan, say that although there have been gains for the United States and NATO in the war, the unwillingness of Pakistan to shut down militant sanctuaries in its lawless tribal region remains a serious obstacle. American military commanders say insurgents freely cross from Pakistan into Afghanistan to plant bombs and fight American troops and then return to Pakistan for rest and resupply.
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.Pentagon and military officials also say the reports were written by desk-bound Washington analysts who have spent limited time, if any, in Afghanistan and have no feel for the war.
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But in Afghanistan, the intelligence agencies play a strong role, with the largest Central Intelligence Agency station since the Vietnam War located in Kabul. C.I.A. operatives also command an Afghan paramilitary force in the thousands. In Pakistan, the C.I.A. is running a covert war using drone aircraft.

Anybody who was an adult during the Viet Nam War can see history repeating itself. (Actually I have read that “History does not repeat itself, but it often rhymes.”).

The enemy has sanctuaries we can’t touch.  If we only go after them in their sanctuaries, the war will turn around.  The naysayers don’t have a feel for what is really happening on the ground.  Well, Nixon went after sanctuaries in Laos and Cambodia and turned a bad situation into a horror show.  The naysayers were right, and the people who claimed to be closest to the war were the ones that really didn’t know what was going on.

Obama was just too young to have heard the first stanza of this poem.  Hundreds of thousands will die because of Obama’s youth.  When I voted for him, I did so because I thought he was good at listening to reason.  I thought he had the humility to ask for advice when he didn’t know the issue well enough.  I also thought he was good at telling the BS from the straight poop.  Again and again he has demonstrated that I was wrong about his talents as a manager.

I guess his campaign proved that if he were lucky enough to stumble across a winning strategy, he had the guts to stick with it. It wasn’t only guts, I thought.  His team was constantly measuring the effects of the strategy. I didn’t realize that if he stumbled across a bad strategy, he would stick to that one too. If he is still a manager that likes to measure results, his measurement of how his strategy is doing seems to be badly off target.

He seems to have the same nearsightedness when fighting the Republicans as he has with fighting the wars. Is this Obama’s character flaw that will be his Achilles heel?


How Senators Voted On Extending Tax Cuts For The Wealthy

You wouldn’t know it by anything you might read at the following link, but I think this is the Senate Vote on Extending The Bush Tax Cuts For The Wealthy.

Question: On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with Amdt. No. 4753 to H.R. 4853 )

Measure Number: H.R. 4853 (Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III )

According to the H.R. 4853 Bill Summary:

Latest Title: Middle Class Tax Relief Act of 2010

This is a bill to give tax relief to the middle class (and oh by the way, we also give tax relief to the ultra-wealthy that will end all hope of ever balancing the budget without cutting Social Security and Medicare.  There is no positive economic benefit to extending this cut to the wealthy. All this is just a minor detail, though.)

Despite the news reports you may have heard, there is only 1 Independent in the Senate, Bernie Sanders, and he voted no.

If your Senator is not in the list below, then you can decide if this is really the type of person you want to vote for in the next election for that office. I have sent my emails to Senators Kerry and Brown to let them know that they have lost my vote for their re-election. (Well, Brown never had it to begin with.) I have emailed Representative Richard Neal to let him know of the consequences if he too caves to the demands of the Republicans.

This blog post will remain on this blog so that when the time comes, you can look it up.  (Use the search box at the top of this web site to find this article in the Novembers to come.)

NAYs —19
Bingaman (D-NM)
Coburn (R-OK)
DeMint (R-SC)
Dorgan (D-ND)
Ensign (R-NV)
Feingold (D-WI)
Gillibrand (D-NY)
Hagan (D-NC)
Harkin (D-IA)
Lautenberg (D-NJ)
Leahy (D-VT)
Levin (D-MI)
Merkley (D-OR)
Sanders (I-VT)
Sessions (R-AL)
Udall (D-CO)
Udall (D-NM)
Voinovich (R-OH)
Wyden (D-OR)

Politically, I long for the days when we were living in Oregon.

I have already told Harry Reid and Al Franken that they can stop sending me any more email.  They were not on the above list.

If the elected officials that passed this abomination think this will all blow over by 2012, they are badly mistaken.  By then even the people who are willing to give them a pass on this vote now will know of the bad consequences of this surrender.  This won’t blow over, this will blow-up.


Austerity Is Riskier Than Growth


The introduction to the piece Rob Johnson Hunts for the Budget “Moby Dick” on Newdeal2.0 (which contains the above video) is:

So you’re concerned about the debt-to-GDP ratio? Then listen to Rob Johnson, who separates the real white whales to harpoon from the harmless minnows. A new paper he co-authored with Tom Ferguson points out that austerity and stagnation most threaten our fiscal future. The American people are angry, and “there is a lot of valid rage in our society,” Rob says. But “fears of magic thresholds like a 90% debt-to-GDP ratio or mythologies that have to do with the painlessness of cutting deficits are playing on those fears, but they’re not sending things in a proper direction.”